Episode 72

How Neobanks Can Use Bitcoin & Stablecoins for Competitive Advantage | Richard Green, RootstockLabs

Neobanks are struggling with differentiation, rising costs, and intense competition - but what if Bitcoin and stablecoin infrastructure could be your competitive advantage?

In this episode, I speak with Richard Green, Director of Ecosystem and Rootstock Institutional at RootstockLabs, the largest and longest-running Bitcoin sidechain, and we answer the big question:

How can neobanks strategically integrate Bitcoin and stablecoin infrastructure to create competitive advantages?

Richard leads GTM for strategic partnerships and growth across cross-border remittance, DeFi, institutions and stablecoins clients, bringing deep expertise from Bloomberg, Circle, and now RootstockLabs. He shares practical insights on building crypto-enabled products that solve real customer problems.

We explore the fundamentals of stablecoins, cost considerations for implementation, user experience challenges, security and fraud protection, partnership selection strategies, and practical frameworks for getting started. Richard breaks down complex technical concepts into actionable strategies that Neobank founders can implement without breaking their budgets.

Follow for more discussions on building FinTech products with customer and commercial impact and to stay updated on the latest episodes.

👉 Follow Richard Green:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-thomas-green/

Website: https://www.rootstocklabs.com/

👉Follow Monica:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/monicamillares/

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@moni_millares

TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@moni_millares

We cover:

[00:00:00] Welcome and key question introduction

[00:01:00] The most overlooked competitive advantage for neobanks

[00:06:00] Stablecoin basics: What they are and how they differ from Bitcoin

[00:09:00] Top use cases: Global payments and remittances

[00:13:00] Cross-border payment infrastructure and partnerships

[00:18:00] Real-world application and user adoption challenges

[00:20:00] Cost considerations: Custodial vs self-custody models

[00:24:00] Security and fraud protection in blockchain systems

[00:29:00] Product design and user experience considerations

[00:31:00] Customer education and trust building strategies

[00:34:00] Partnership selection and evaluation criteria

[00:39:00] What RootstockLabs does and Bitcoin sidechain benefits

[00:41:00] Practical implementation roadmap for neobanks

[00:45:00] Security advantages of Bitcoin-backed infrastructure

[00:49:00] Common implementation mistakes to avoid

[00:50:00] Three key takeaways for neobank founders

SEARCH QUESTIONS

How can neobanks use Bitcoin for competitive advantage?

What are stablecoins and how do they work for neobanks?

How to reduce cross-border payment costs with crypto?

What are the security risks of Bitcoin in banking?

How to choose stablecoin partners for neobanks?

What is custodial vs self-custody in crypto banking?

How to implement Bitcoin infrastructure on a budget?

What user experience challenges exist with crypto payments?

How does blockchain fraud protection work?

What is RootstockLabs and Bitcoin sidechains?

How to educate customers about crypto banking features?

What compliance requirements exist for crypto integration?

How to build crypto products without technical expertise?

What revenue streams do Bitcoin features create?

How to differentiate neobanks with crypto infrastructure?

What are the costs of implementing stablecoin payments?

How to serve underserved markets with crypto banking?

What mistakes do neobanks make with crypto integration?

How to build secure Bitcoin-enabled banking products?

What partnerships do neobanks need for crypto features?

Disclaimer: This episode does not constitute professional nor financial advice and does not represent the opinion nor views of my current, past or future employers. The guest has agreed to record and release our conversation for the use of this podcast and promotion in social media.

Transcript
Speaker:

How can a neobanks strategically integrate Bitcoin and stable coins

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to create a competitive advantage?

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:

Meet Richard Green.

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He leads go-to market for strategic

partnerships and the growth

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across the Rootstock ecosystem.

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Rootstock Labs is the largest and

longest running Bitcoin side chain.

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In this episode, we have a

masterclass on stable coins.

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We cover cost considerations, user

experience, challenges, security and

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fraud protection, partnership selection

strategies, and Richard's three key

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takeaways for Neobank founders ready

to integrate crypto infrastructure.

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Speaker 3: Most overlooked aspects

is that you look in what, or you look

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at stable coins in isolation, or you

look at Bitcoin in isolation versus

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what it brings as a, a true whole

pro programmable financial layer.

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To finance, to neobank

and things like that.

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The biggest is obviously

global payments remittances.

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Why is that so successful?

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Well, it goes back to that point

we were speaking about earlier.

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So those are the kind of two advantages.

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The, the lower costs really impacts

more at the international level.

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So if you look at the US to Africa,

that is a difficult payment corridor

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from, for a multitude of reasons.

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And what stable coins can do is they

can keep that as the same price as a.

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You know, a very highly used

and active corridor itself.

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Building a little bit of Bitcoin into

the, the conversation was you can then

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do things as a business or as a user.

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Treasury management predict

my cash flows into the future

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management working capital.

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Speaker 4: Hey, before we dive in,

can I please ask you her a big favor?

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If you are enjoying these conversations

and getting value from the insights

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our FinTech beers share, please

hit the subscribe button below.

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This is the easiest way to support

the show, and it could mean a lot.

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My commitment to you is every single

week I'll continue to bring more founders

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and product leaders that share with us

the strategies that are working today

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to drive innovation and FinTech growth.

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Thank you.

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Thank you.

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Thank you.

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Speaker 5: So this week's episode, we

are going to answer a key question that

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is very relevant for the industry, which

is how can a neobanks strategically

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integrate Bitcoin and stable coins

to create a competitive advantage

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so now everybody's talking

about stable coins basically.

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And for Neobanks, there's three

things that we struggled all the time.

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How do we differentiate, how do we

maintain or reduce opex as we scale?

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And how do we hit profitability?

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And now it's like the new kit in

the block this year is STABLECOINS.

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Even though it's not a

new technology, it's.

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Rapidly being adopted into

the FinTech space this year.

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So it's like something to,

to look at at the moment.

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So I would love to start with, you have

a very interesting background because

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basically you've covered from traditional

finance to also kind of, uh, working

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in circle Bitcoin infrastructure.

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So you have the holistic view.

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So what do you think is the.

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Most competitive advantage studies

overlooked by Neobanks when it comes

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to Bitcoin and well, not bitcoin when

it comes to crypto and stable coins.

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Speaker 6: Yeah, I I, I, I think you're

absolutely right when you talk about

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stable coins, being I the new kid on the

block, but, but not so, I mean, it's,

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we've seen a huge amount movement, whether

it be position or whether it be pick in,

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in market cap of, of stable coins, but I.

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The most overlooked and respect is

that you look in what are, you look

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at stable coins in installation or you

look at Bitcoin and isolation versus

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what it brings as a, a true whole pro

programmable financial to finance,

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to neobank and things like that.

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It obviously reduces in terms of

transactions, in terms of moving

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money across borders and things

like that, blockchains, but what

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it also does alongside them.

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A whole programmable land where things

can be done automatically, things

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can be done across borders of uc.

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Obviously with Stripe opening up 101

accounts, you know, you look at the

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biggest banks in the world and there

maybe in 60 or 90 countries, and then.

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I'm not saying it's an easy flip

of the switch, but in a relatively

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easy one through acquisition, they,

they've turned bridge and so looking

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at it holistically is a lot different.

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Um, and then looking at it in the

ways that it can open up, not just,

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um, the the cost, but also it's 24 7.

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Um, I saw recently that I think

$13 billion were transacted

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over a weekend, right?

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So you look at traditional.

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Speaker 7: That

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Speaker 6: is not really possible.

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And on a normal weekday, it's

something like 24 billion.

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So you can really get into that

24 7 mindset and you can kind

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of constant continuously do it.

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And then when you look a little layer

deeper, you look at it not just from

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the cost savings perspective, but

somebody maybe transmitting money.

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You look at it from a cost

savings perspective of, um,

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Speaker 7: for

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Speaker 6: infrastructure

that's needed for.

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Gone are the days where you have to

spend 80% of a budget on building

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an internal infrastructure for

payments, for moving money around.

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You can really buy, either buy it in

or you can obviously make use of the

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things that are, such as the blockchain

technology, the stable coins that

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are already issued, Bitcoin that has

been around for, you know, number of.

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Trustworthy assets out there, and

it's all known where we're talking

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about it a lot more is becoming

a lot more of a plug and play.

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A plug and play.

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And then I think the final thing

on it is just you are looking

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forward at future proofing.

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This is in the same, in the same way

that you would look at saying, okay.

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When the internet was coming

around, what are things gonna

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be happening with the internet?

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Okay, well, with um, ai, what are

we doing to pan into the future?

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This is also saying, well, actually

the technology that is there is moving,

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moving money at the speed of the internet.

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It's, you know, the H-D-T-P-S

stay is the email that is to go,

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well, this technology is there.

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It's just about making sure that even if

I'm not looking for the, let's say, the

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stereotypical uses of stable coins or

Bitcoin or what's the actual technology

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on the line can utilize to build,

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Speaker 5: I love that as a.

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Opening statement because at some point

you said it obviously saves us time.

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And I was like, it obviously saves

us time in the, in the mind of

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someone who's embedded, you know,

and looks at this and understands it.

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But there's many people within the

industry that are still catching

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up on what are the benefits, right?

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And then it's like.

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That that caught my attention as you

were saying that, but at the same

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time, you finished like in a very nice

way that it's like we can move money

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at the speed of basically internet.

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It, it's just

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Speaker 6: great.

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It it is and, and it's, and it's a

great point you raised in the sense

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of it's becoming, I'm sure we'll

definitely touch on this later on as

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one of probably the, the downsides of

the world of crypto and the world of

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stable coins that people live in world.

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And then when they try and move

into a world of traditional

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finance, neobank, that's one of

the problems with crypto, right?

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They build for crypto and

then they say, well, why isn't

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this, why isn't this happening?

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So, no, I think that when I say.

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Reduces time.

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Again, I'm sure we'll do go into this,

but it is, you look at the ways the

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money is moved at the moment, and

there's some amazing ways that it is.

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You look at picks in Brazil, you look

at essa, you look at Relu, they, they

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can move money instantaneously and so

it, it's a, it's, it's about explaining

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and understanding, well, if it's outside

of those maybe internal networks,

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where do the actual benefits come from?

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Speaker 5: So let's start

then with the basics, right?

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Let's, let's go straight

back to the basics.

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What, basically, what are stable

coins and what's the difference

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between stable coins and bitcoin?

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But I think that's a big difference.

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Speaker 6: Absolutely.

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So I think, so stable coins

are digital, digital dollars.

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I'm gonna call them digital dollars.

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And there's a reason I'm gonna call them

digital dollars because 99% of the stable

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coins that are transacted are in dollar.

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There are other stable coins out

there in different fiat currencies

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year round and things like that.

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But the vast majority is in in dollar.

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And those are.

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To stable.

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Stable, which is the so,

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so significant market

cap, kind of 200 billion

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increasing over time.

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The difference between that and

Bitcoin, whether I think a lot of

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people do is, is one is digital

cash and one is Digi digital Gold.

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I think Bitcoin has often been reviewed

to as digital gold because of those

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people who are holding, or ling, if you

are, if you're in the crypto industry

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and they view it as a store of value,

they view Bitcoin as, let's say, an

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inflation hedge in certain ways and

something that will increase in value

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over time, whereas stable coins.

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It's about, well, what am I paying?

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What am I using that to pay for?

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What is the actual, if I'm gonna

a shop am I transacting with?

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So whilst you still see people, and we

work with people at Rootstock trying to

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set ways to pay with Bitcoin and find

utility in Bitcoin, and, and again,

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that's, that's a big discussion point.

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You'll see that it is mainly this view

of digital cash to use and spend and

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digital gold to hold and use as well.

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Speaker 5: I love that analogy.

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Digital cash, digital

gold to hold to, yes.

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Yeah.

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And then, yeah, because then it's a,

you mentioned utility, and I think

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that's part of the, the, the thing that

needs clarity in people's minds, that

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it's like, what's the utility of this?

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So just to make it very practical.

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What would be two to three use cases that,

let's say if I work in a, in a neobank,

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in FinTech, what are the use cases that

are like actually real use cases that

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we can, we can use with stable coins?

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Speaker 6: Yeah, so for stable

coins, the biggest, and probably

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the one that you hear about the

most is obviously global payments,

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remittances and things like that.

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And, and why is that so successful?

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Well, it goes back to that point

we were speaking about earlier of,

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of how Stripe can open 101 account

across a hundred accounts, across 101

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countries very easily, so that you are

creating borderless finance, right?

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I.

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Payment domestically, instantaneous.

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It is instantaneous globally, and so there

are no borders anymore within that space.

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And so as a neo, obviously if you are

considering either domestic or branching

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out for both retail and business,

that's what stable coins can do.

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So it.

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At a lower cost.

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Um, so those are the

kind of two advantages.

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The, the lower cost really impact more at

the international level when you, you can

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look at the other, um, more traditional

remittance companies, the wises and,

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and, and those kinds of players.

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And they still offer super

low, um, transfer fees in.

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I think the, the, the areas

where a real use case comes in

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is where it's two corridors that

are more difficult to reach.

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So if you look at the US to Africa,

that is a difficult payment corridor

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from, for multitude of reasons.

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And what stable coins can do is

they can keep that as the same

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price as a, you know, a very highly

used and active corridor itself.

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So global payments and remittances

for Absolutely, uh, for certain.

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Um, building a little bit of Bitcoin

into the, the conversation as well.

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With this, the, the other use case

is not, it's not just sending, it's

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also about holding, and that sits

with both Bitcoin and stable coins.

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So if I'm holding stable coins,

if I'm holding Bitcoin, especially

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in high inflation economies,

why is that good for me?

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Well, I've access in a number

of, in American countries.

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But if you have access to a stable

coin, you are inflation hedged.

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If you have access to

Bitcoin, you are as well.

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You are exposed to another potentially

volatile currency, but you are

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hedged against that inflation.

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So you can then do things

as a business or as a user.

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Which obviously, so if you are

providing that store value, then as

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a neobank I can go, okay, well what

am I doing from treasury management?

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What am I doing to be able to predict

my cash flows into the future?

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What am I able to be doing in

terms of my working capital?

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I can manage all of those

different things, and so.

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From two use cases there.

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And then if you go a little bit further

into what stable coins and Bitcoin

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is obviously useful is it's, it's the

gateway to, to defi decentralize finance.

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It's the gateway to Web3 if

you are thinking about, okay.

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I want my users to be able to

access yield on their, uh, currency.

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So let's say you're a US dollar account,

or then moving into USD, uh, USDC or

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USDT, then within the decentralized

finance world, you can get access to yield

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that is offering four, five, 6% return.

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And so again, you're thinking

about what can I be adding on?

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Three real use cases, obviously

around remittance, kind of, um,

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holding and then actually defi space.

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And there, there are, there are countless.

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Um, and it's all really about if

is you as a business, where do

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you see the gap in your country?

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Is it that there are a lot of

gig workers in the country?

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Is it.

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What, what works within that?

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Okay, well, we can give them access to

inflation protected currency, or we can

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give them access to, they're all sending

money saying we're receiving money.

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And that's where it can be built into.

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Speaker 5: I like that because then we're

bringing it back to the people message.

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Um, coming back to the remittances,

the cross border one, because it,

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it, it's like, it's like spot on.

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Malaysia, Indonesia, there are

countries that there's a lot of,

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uh, international movement as such.

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So the how most, uh, neobanks or

FinTech, even banks work today.

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It's like, Hey, you have FinTech a and

then there's a remittances aggregator,

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and then we just connect with them.

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Yeah.

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So in how good we, how

do we bring it to life?

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If we were to say, Hey, now we want to.

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To do remittance is via stable coins.

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I have, I have my understanding, but I,

I don't want to cloud the conversation.

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Speaker 6: Yeah, yeah, absolutely.

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So it, so there's two ways these,

where do stable coins come from?

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Stablecoin come from stablecoin, issuers.

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And who are those Issuers?

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Circle is one and Tether as

the other, as the two largest.

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You've obviously then got other issuers.

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Cbd, cs, which is the government based,

and then you've got yield bearing ones,

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which are kind of coming in prominence.

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But what is the actual flow to do it?

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Well, you, you need to

first get the stable coin.

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Um, and you can do that by either

being a primary, let's say mint

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or redeemer of the coin, as in I

go to circle, I set up an account

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with them and I want to be able to.

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I have that, but in many cases can just

do it via setting up an API or via a desk

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that goes onto centralized exchanges.

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These, uh, stable coins are active with

highly traded on centralized exchanges.

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So as your users are requesting

stable coins or whoever is requesting

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stable coins, you obviously

go into the secondary market.

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So once you have the stable coin,

it's obviously relatively simple.

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Speaker 7: What

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Speaker 6: you do is it, you sit

in your infrastructure to a wallet

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and that that person will hold.

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That is a very simple ecosystem because

once it is, whilst it is in that

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ecosystem, it is on chain blockchain.

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It is within stable coins or bitcoin.

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If I send to you and you

can receive it, great.

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It can just pass P two p Super simple

like a traditional internal, uh, system.

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The, the, the complexity comes

when you are looking to on and

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off ramp to stable coins and that.

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If we were to have had this conversation

a year or so ago, it would've been a

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very different conversation because

there were not many, I would say global

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of people being able to, providers

being able to bring currency on,

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fear, currency on, and then also take.

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That was much better.

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If you look obviously, like again, the,

the Stripe Bridge acquisition, that is

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an infrastructure with on and off Ramps.

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Moon Pay recently acquired a company

called Iron and you are, you are seeing

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more of these coming to fruition, so.

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You can plug and play quite easily

into these kinds of providers where

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they can bring your local fiat

currency on and they can take it off.

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Um, however, there is also then your

KYC requirements, um, that is due to

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local market and that is something that

also can be a little bit more difficult

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because you're starting to interact with.

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So it is decentralized by

nature, what K-Y-C-K-Y-B can you

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do in a permissionless world?

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But there are some great kind of providers

out there, um, that fit in within that

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space, not just on the KYB side, but

um, that like travel role regulation,

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um, number infrastructure providers.

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It is a, it is a really easy setup

whilst you are in the world of stable

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coins and whilst you're in the on

chain space, more difficult side.

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But I think that this is gonna

be the inflection points of

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where you see stable coins.

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Just moving from 200, two 50

billion market cap to 500 billion

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is where all stays on chain.

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Because if I send money to yourself

who's in Malaysia, you might say, well,

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actually I want take local currency.

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But hopefully there'll come a time

when you don't need to take that

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out, because that is accepted at

Merchants, that is accepted, you know,

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by, by any, uh, provider you might

be doing or any business that you.

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And so we're kind of at a halfway

house in the middle where you are,

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where we're between full adoption.

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But beyond that point of saying, well,

actually we're just trying to bring

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in crypto native users into the space.

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Um, so it's, it's, um.

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It's a great place to be at at the

moment because where you can also

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start to see as a, as a neo or as a

business of any, there are options

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and there are people who are, who are

guiding you through all of these things.

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Any sense?

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Speaker 5: Yes.

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Yes.

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And, and it's, uh, I love the, the.

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It's not even the concept, but the world

where, like you say right now, stable

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coins are still for a few people, right?

329

:

And therefore, that's why you need to

convert them into your local current.

330

:

Let's say you send me stablecoin right

now, if I'm based in Malaysia and I

331

:

want to use that money, I cannot in

my day-to-day life, but it will be

332

:

cool when, and I'm scanning around

QR payments and now I just select to

333

:

pay with Malaysia, bring it, or with.

334

:

Something else.

335

:

Yeah.

336

:

Speaker 6: Yeah.

337

:

And I don't think that's far away.

338

:

Right.

339

:

Visa are very active in this space, made

a, I think a strategic investment into.

340

:

Again, a serious infrastructure provider

within the space and issuing costs.

341

:

Stable coin cards, issuing stable coin

cards, and so who are, uh, kind of a

342

:

neobank within the space issuing cards.

343

:

And so it isn't, it isn't

too far, I think, where the

344

:

traditional roots are being built

and are being built well to be.

345

:

Some, um, resistance or I would say

friction actually at the user level

346

:

of, let's say merchant payments.

347

:

When I.

348

:

There are then still high fees on the

tapping of the card with stable coins.

349

:

That's, it's kind of like you

imagine on the stable coin,

350

:

issuers are at the center.

351

:

They've got that, they've got that sorted,

the on and off ramps coming down and

352

:

the tentacles, they've got that sorted.

353

:

And then it's branching out again into

other spaces of what do I do when I

354

:

get to that level and get to that use.

355

:

But that will, that will come.

356

:

Um, and it's great that the, the

kind of, the infrastructure is

357

:

being built that way out with huge

players like Visa in the space.

358

:

Speaker 5: I want to expand on

that because you, you read my

359

:

mind when you mentioned cost.

360

:

I was like, wait, this is a podcast.

361

:

Right?

362

:

But if we were at work and this was

like a work conversation at this point,

363

:

I could have been like, hi Richard.

364

:

All these sounds really

good, but let's get into it.

365

:

You know, it's, uh, what's the

cost before we go deeper in it?

366

:

That's, that's what have come into my

mind if this was work rather than podcast.

367

:

Yeah.

368

:

Speaker 6: So let's answer

369

:

Speaker 5: that question.

370

:

Speaker 6: Yeah, abso, absolutely.

371

:

Yeah.

372

:

And I think the, the, the, the

neobank that we speak with, um, and

373

:

I've spoken with in the past, the

cost, if you look at those startups,

374

:

I would say vast percentage of

that business is compliance teams.

375

:

And they are spending a large

amount of on building out

376

:

compliance teams, whether they are.

377

:

Custodial or self custodial.

378

:

These are two different models

within the stable coin space

379

:

and within the defi space.

380

:

But a custodial model is basically

the, the, the neobank obviously

381

:

custody is the assets, the self

custodial, is that the own myself

382

:

that actually owns and controls that.

383

:

Private keys and things like

that a little bit as well.

384

:

While you are building out those

compliance teams, you have to

385

:

consider what goes through.

386

:

Those things require

custodial regulated, right?

387

:

For the, it's going to be checked.

388

:

You are handling and holding the

money on the self custodial side.

389

:

Well, the cost actually

probably comes more from, you've

390

:

gotta build a, a UX that is.

391

:

If I'm self custodial, I have got

to, if I'm using a self custodial

392

:

model, I have to keep my private keys.

393

:

I have to do things like

choose which blockchain and

394

:

transacting as stable coins are.

395

:

I have to do things like check the

gas fees and all of that, and so

396

:

building out that UX is actually

quite difficult, especially for

397

:

non, if you're trying to access.

398

:

Crypto or stable coin native users.

399

:

Um, and so you have to make that trade off

of are we going on a custodial route or

400

:

are we going on a self custodial route?

401

:

Um, because then obviously that

will then feed into your technology

402

:

costs, um, what you are building out

and, and also your security costs.

403

:

I think people read and have read, um,

a lot about the, the dangers of crypto,

404

:

of wallet and exchanges being to money

disappearing and things like that.

405

:

That's absolutely, that's absolutely true.

406

:

So you have to make sure that

whatever ecosystem or infrastructure

407

:

you are building has high security.

408

:

And because there are bad actors

out there, as there are in

409

:

the world of traveling, right?

410

:

Finance.

411

:

But, um, it's so.

412

:

Compliance is a big one, and the

user experience is obviously,

413

:

you know, spending on security.

414

:

And then the, the, the final one

is probably coming into your, your

415

:

liquidity management, your treasury

management, because whilst there is

416

:

a lot of liquidity on Bitcoin, on

stable, using a centralized exchange.

417

:

You are still having to ensure that

your on and off ramps are liquidated

418

:

enough so that, so that people

can move their money in and out.

419

:

Right.

420

:

Um, and what are the fees on that?

421

:

And again, speaking to some of

these on and off ramp providers.

422

:

The conversations that I've had with

them in the past are, well, we're,

423

:

we're, we're all starting out.

424

:

We're only really looking for companies

or businesses at the moment that are

425

:

doing high volume because we need to

recoup our fees from probably the,

426

:

the expenses that we've paid out,

relatively new startups as well.

427

:

So if you are having to use on

and off ramps to manage this.

428

:

Are you gonna eat those costs?

429

:

Because whole point of

stable coin is that it?

430

:

Well, the whole point, the big point

is that it's relatively cheap, but

431

:

if you're now adding on an off ramp

cost to your user, you might have to

432

:

actually consume those costs yourself.

433

:

Speaker 5: Yes.

434

:

And then you touched, well, other

than costs, that is like the

435

:

work question that comes to mind.

436

:

The second work question that comes

to mind is you talked about security.

437

:

Um, and yeah, there's

a risk and it is real.

438

:

So how about fraud?

439

:

It's a very large topic,

so I'll just say that.

440

:

How

441

:

Speaker 6: about fraud?

442

:

It's, it's, it's, it's a

big, it's a big topic, right?

443

:

And I think that this is another,

um, so this comes into a.

444

:

The, the good thing about

traditional money movement or

445

:

traditional banking is that fraud.

446

:

If you are fraud, you are

protected as a consumer, right?

447

:

That is one.

448

:

Get frauded out of your money.

449

:

You can call your bank, you

can tell them it's been proven,

450

:

and you get that money back.

451

:

The, the fraud sits with the bank.

452

:

So for you as a user, that's fantastic.

453

:

Now, for you, obviously as a business

that's not so great because you are having

454

:

to pay out all of these fraudulent claims.

455

:

Um, and so I think on this, there's two

parts, but I think the first part on

456

:

aspect.

457

:

Versus self

458

:

ensure that.

459

:

Isn't, you can consume protection that

is, that is going, gonna return your

460

:

capital and so is what is not being worked

on, but that is what's being looked at.

461

:

Right?

462

:

If you look at the United States,

they've just the genius act this

463

:

week, which is a big stable coin, uh,

piece of legislation, which is mainly

464

:

around stablecoin issuers and, uh,

what, what is a stablecoin viewed as?

465

:

As viewed as a payment?

466

:

Uh, security or something like that, but

that is probably months slash years to.

467

:

That builds into, I think,

your user experience journey.

468

:

How do you ensure that you are not

building a product that opens the

469

:

door to more fraudulent activity?

470

:

And then going, going beyond

that, what are you actually, then

471

:

what are you actually then doing?

472

:

And you see this a lot on the

other, on a lot of these sites.

473

:

You have to educate.

474

:

In a lot of cases, you have to educate,

you have to teach people, you have to

475

:

show them what, if you're following a

self custodial model where I own my money

476

:

myself, how are you protecting it as an

individual and what are you going to do

477

:

to, to be able to help me understand that?

478

:

So everyone is learning, but

in saying the actual, the.

479

:

Stable is that it's on

blockchain that's traceable.

480

:

So again, if you see these, there was

obviously an exchange recently they got,

481

:

they got hacked for quite a large amount.

482

:

With it being on on chain, you

can trace those funds and you can

483

:

see where those funds are going.

484

:

Now, whilst that obviously isn't.

485

:

Potentially gonna benefit, benefit

me as a user because I can just

486

:

see my money disappearing or

going through different spaces.

487

:

What it does mean is that the industry

can build really solid fraud module, more

488

:

fraud models around it, and can really

easily train their fraud and bad actor

489

:

detection on what these things look like.

490

:

If you look at the open banking and

within Europe and within the UK and

491

:

pretty much our own world, right?

492

:

One of the great things that came out.

493

:

They could easily detect

fraudulent activity.

494

:

They could, they could detect,

they could train AI models.

495

:

Not only on that, but let's say

on credit scores and things.

496

:

This is all possible within the world

of blockchain because you have every

497

:

piece of information stored on a ledger.

498

:

So it's, it's super

easy to be able to see.

499

:

It's just about making

sure that it's there.

500

:

So, you know, would I say that fraud

is as prevalent, you know, more

501

:

prevalent within the world of, um.

502

:

Digital assets and stable coins

versus traditional finance.

503

:

I don't know the, I don't know the stats.

504

:

Um, so I'm not gonna say yes or no,

but what I would say is that I think

505

:

that when is, it's probably getting a

lot more exposure because of it being a

506

:

new world, it being a bit of an unknown

world versus the old side of Yes, we,

507

:

we know that people get defrauded on

the traditional finance side as well.

508

:

Speaker 5: Because that's

a big consideration.

509

:

Right.

510

:

Especially as fintechs or neobank

start saying, yeah, we, we want to

511

:

get into the stable coin, uh, train.

512

:

We need to think it properly, and Yeah.

513

:

And it needs to go into

the product design process.

514

:

It's not just an Oh, yeah.

515

:

We build the infra, we build the user

experience, and eventually we pass it

516

:

to the FRA team to do some FRA growth.

517

:

Speaker 7: Yeah.

518

:

Speaker 5: It is, uh, it needs to

be by decide since the beginning.

519

:

Speaker 6: It, it, it

absolutely has to be.

520

:

And I think that, again, if you look

at the people who are doing it right

521

:

and doing it really well, they're not

just building K-Y-C-K-Y-B checks at the

522

:

minimum level in an unregulated world,

they're building it to the expectation.

523

:

What is coming in the future

in a highly regulated world?

524

:

You know, companies like Sling Money, um,

who provide services like kind of P two P,

525

:

they have got a fantastic check and they

will be able to then make sure that again.

526

:

If something comes along and they're like,

okay, well we'll look, we're gonna look

527

:

historically how we've been doing this.

528

:

Well yeah, we've taken a view that

you are gonna come and do this.

529

:

And so we, and it was the same thing

at Circle within what we did at Circle.

530

:

It was, we build not to the

regulation that's, we build to the

531

:

regulation that we're expecting at

the highest level in the future.

532

:

And then I user base.

533

:

You don't obviously want it to become

prohibitive and you can still get a set

534

:

up, an account in three minutes as you do

with Wise a Revolut or someone like that,

535

:

but you still get all the information

that you, that you need and to be able

536

:

to help on that, on that side of things.

537

:

Speaker 5: My other question

that was running through my mind

538

:

that is like you also mentioned,

this money is not protected.

539

:

You know, like at some point

we were like, Hey, money not

540

:

protected by FCA case of the uk.

541

:

So then when you said that,

I was like, of course.

542

:

But then from a customer

perspective, like we bank with a

543

:

bank because we know the money is

protected and that gives us trust.

544

:

So in this case we know the

money is not protected and

545

:

then it's kind of risky, but.

546

:

You know, like we start building

547

:

Speaker 7: Yeah.

548

:

This

549

:

Speaker 5: cloud in people's minds.

550

:

Hence what you mentioned was education

is super important, and then as we

551

:

educate and we build for the regulation

of the highest standards of the future.

552

:

Then we also need to communicate that

to customers that by design this is

553

:

built with security at the center

and regulation in mind and audit.

554

:

Speaker 6: Completely, completely.

555

:

And, and I think that it's,

it's about choosing that.

556

:

The great thing again now is

that we are in a world where the

557

:

partners that you can choose from

are, are incredibly high level.

558

:

So it's about you choosing the

part sets along along that journey.

559

:

If you are to look at.

560

:

Circle for example, you know, when

I spent, when I was at Circle,

561

:

there was a deep pegging event.

562

:

And a deep pegging event is

basically on the secondary

563

:

market where you can get USDC.

564

:

So from a centralized exchange, the

you can't get, you don't get $1 for $1,

565

:

the $1 that is on the secondary market.

566

:

On exchange, you can

actually, for 90 cents.

567

:

Uh, a view that it is not

worth a dollar anymore.

568

:

So there was obviously, you know,

a large amount of withdrawals from

569

:

circle in terms of people panicking in

terms of what was, what was going on.

570

:

The amazing thing about what if, again,

choosing the right partners, issuers, like

571

:

circle well, where were, if you gave me

a dollar, what did Circle do with that?

572

:

Well, it basically kept it in cash

or in something called HQ la, right?

573

:

High quality, uh, high quality liquid

assets, T bills, things like that.

574

:

So that if you wanted your money back.

575

:

It could easily give your money back.

576

:

And that's again, if you look at

traditional bank runs where there is a

577

:

concern, you go, okay, actually I'm gonna

go to the a tm, I think in the UK example

578

:

of the Northern Rock many, many years ago.

579

:

If I go to the uh, ATM and try and

draw my cash, the at m says there's

580

:

share because there isn't cash there.

581

:

The money that you gave to

the bank has been L out all.

582

:

However, with these stable coin issuers

and choosing that right parer, you

583

:

can see that actually the, the time it

takes to return your dollar from where

584

:

it was stored is within, within a day.

585

:

So that's something again, that within

that mindset of speaking to customers,

586

:

it's like, okay, if I give you a

dollar, where does that dollar go?

587

:

Well, it's actually custard with some of

the most trustworthy banks in the world.

588

:

In fact, probably the most

trustworthy banks in the world.

589

:

And so again, it's about piecing

that story together because

590

:

again, especially stable coins.

591

:

Well, where?

592

:

Where is that?

593

:

It's here in Bitcoin.

594

:

That's still the same aspect as well.

595

:

It's about where is your partner

Custodying Bitcoin, because there are many

596

:

custody providers of Bitcoin out there.

597

:

So if you are wanting to consider

if, if you are not gonna do that as

598

:

a neobank, well, I want to choose

one of a, the highest quality digital

599

:

custodians out there so that again,

I can return that money on, on, on,

600

:

um, on when it's required as well.

601

:

Speaker 5: Yeah.

602

:

Can you expand?

603

:

I think this is a critical point.

604

:

Um.

605

:

How do we select the right partner

or maybe the right question.

606

:

It's like, what's the criteria that

says this is a, this is a good partner.

607

:

Speaker 6: That's a good,

that's a really good question.

608

:

Speaker 5: Um,

609

:

Speaker 6: I think that what you are the.

610

:

The starting point of when, again,

people within the roots of ecosystem

611

:

and having these conversations.

612

:

The starting point that I speak

with 'em is they have to align

613

:

on your values of what you want

to build going forward, right?

614

:

And so if your values are.

615

:

Wanting to be highly regulated, or at

least attempt to be highly regulated

616

:

in what could come in the future

that you are building for longevity.

617

:

And again, stable coins is

becoming part of the digital

618

:

native and full product offering.

619

:

Um, and so combining those two

things, I think you've also

620

:

really gotta consider the.

621

:

At this stage, where are the,

and there's probably two sides.

622

:

Where are the majority of people going to?

623

:

Um, because we are in a, not a

scheduling industry at any stretch

624

:

of the imagination, but we're, um,

we are at that stage where I think

625

:

there are players coming to fruition

who are more considerably large.

626

:

Numbers B as an example, bridge and.

627

:

Those are the kinds of, those

are the kinds of partners

628

:

that I think I can align to.

629

:

'cause they are the, the larger of the

group and they're all highly innovative.

630

:

That's the, there's no one resting

on this industry who are at the top.

631

:

That's the amazing thing

because there's such a big.

632

:

Everyone's incredibly to be

able to make sure that they're

633

:

providing the best service.

634

:

Um, but then I think on the other

side, you, you look and there are some

635

:

incredible, well not new entrance in

the space, but incredible providers

636

:

who are, um, founders of businesses

that are, um, who have on a.

637

:

And they've built something really

smart and what that can be doing.

638

:

Because I think, and so if you are

at an earlier stage of your journey

639

:

Speaker 7: and

640

:

Speaker 6: being a, a neobank, then you

are obviously gonna scale up with them.

641

:

We, again, root stock or kind

of within actually a different

642

:

area of what we're doing.

643

:

We were looking at different partners that

we could be using, and one of the things

644

:

that really appealed to us is that one of

these partners obviously kind of covered

645

:

all of the regulatory concerns that we

had, compliance concerns and things like

646

:

that, but they were at a similar stage of

really wanting to grow of a certain area.

647

:

And so they weren't so big, but

we not became a little fish to

648

:

them because I don't think they,

649

:

but really, really wanted to help us and.

650

:

Coming myself, myself, coming from

a kind of traditional finance slash

651

:

FinTech background into stablecoin

digital assets and then into crypto.

652

:

The thing that is, the thing that

I've noticed more than anything

653

:

is there is a huge community of

everyone trying to help everyone.

654

:

So you can plug into that and you

can say, look, we're all at this

655

:

very much like a startup kind of.

656

:

But across the entire industry, right?

657

:

So if you are wanting

to look for a corridor.

658

:

Malaysia and Kenya for on, on our fronts.

659

:

You can go to one of these people and

say, look, we, we are wanting to do this.

660

:

And they'll be like, cool,

that sounds interesting.

661

:

Is there a market demand for it?

662

:

Okay, we'll do it.

663

:

We'll look at building

it and those things.

664

:

So, no, I, I think the, the first

thing is that, like I say, they,

665

:

they have to meet your cultural and

your, um, outlook perspective on what

666

:

you want to do with stable coins.

667

:

Um, and yeah, I.

668

:

Stable businesses who do just stable coin

work will, if, if you want to go deep into

669

:

stable coins, that's, that's the place.

670

:

'cause that's where they're

dedicating all of their time.

671

:

They're obsessive with the technology.

672

:

Uh, and they wanna drill down into it.

673

:

Speaker 5: Yes, yes.

674

:

That makes a ton of sense.

675

:

Um, I think we've been

speaking for almost 40 minutes.

676

:

Um.

677

:

Tell us about Rootstock, like

what exactly did you guys do?

678

:

Speaker 6: Yeah, absolutely.

679

:

So for Rootstock, we are a Bitcoin

size chain, and we are EVM compensable.

680

:

So what that means is that.

681

:

If you are a user or a builder

on Bitcoin or or Bitcoin, you

682

:

can then use that Bitcoin in EVM,

which is smoke or small contracts.

683

:

And so, which are basically

if then statements, right?

684

:

This is another thing that's

great about Bitcoin and great

685

:

about stable coins is that, um.

686

:

If this happens, then this should happen.

687

:

And so when you are a blockchain that,

um, allows for that to be built but

688

:

uses Bitcoin as the underlying asset,

then you open up a world, a huge

689

:

world of things that people can do.

690

:

So for take, for example, I am

a, I'm a a business builder.

691

:

I'm a neobank and I want to

appeal to Bitcoin holders, right?

692

:

There are many Bitcoin holders

all around the world, but

693

:

let's say I'm in Latin America.

694

:

And those holders are individuals

who are wanting to, um, hold Bitcoin,

695

:

but then they're also wanting to

have a business and they're wanting

696

:

to make payments of semi payment.

697

:

Well, what can be done on

our blockchain with our.

698

:

Small contract technology is to be able

to build that technology so that people

699

:

can use that Bitcoin, keep their exposure

to Bitcoin, but then also have things

700

:

happen with that Bitcoin that relates

to an if, uh, if then kind of statement.

701

:

Speaker 5: Like tie this all together

in a practical, innovative way.

702

:

And I'm going to speak just

like, uh, thinking out loud.

703

:

This may not even make sense.

704

:

Uh, so we're a neobank, not, we don't

have exposure to, let's say Bitcoin stable

705

:

coins, just like a traditional neobank.

706

:

Then you say, Hey, we

need to go into the space.

707

:

One option is, hey, we

will create a wallet.

708

:

For people to hold, whether

that it's Bitcoin stable

709

:

coins, then they can have it.

710

:

Then my roadmap would be like, Hey,

you need to be able to receive money.

711

:

You need to be able to hold money.

712

:

Ideally, you'll be able to have

some, to get some interest from that

713

:

money that you're saving with us.

714

:

Then my next use case gonna be you're,

you need to be able to pay with

715

:

this money that you have, so maybe.

716

:

In the short term, there will be like

a, a card that you pay with card that

717

:

you pay with Bitcoin in the future.

718

:

There will be a QR payment in Asia.

719

:

It's like QR payment enabled,

uh, with, uh, stable coins

720

:

or Bitcoin in the background.

721

:

So that's like basically holding

money, saving money, paying money.

722

:

But then the, for me to pay,

of course there needs to be

723

:

the, the merchant that's.

724

:

Accepting these payments.

725

:

Most neo banks don't do acquiring.

726

:

Yeah.

727

:

But there will be somebody

else doing the acquiring bit.

728

:

But what you're saying is that's,

let's say the quote unquote basics,

729

:

but then we can innovate even further.

730

:

If we think of companies like

Woodstock that then we put together

731

:

the use case of programmable money.

732

:

Speaker 6: Yeah, absolutely.

733

:

Yeah, absolutely.

734

:

And, and, and Rootstock being that,

that blockchain, you know, rootstock

735

:

is a, it's a payment network in, in

essence right within this conversation.

736

:

It is a way to send from A

to B like IT salon theory.

737

:

And what blockchains do and what we

do at Rootstock is we think, well,

738

:

how do we make that payment network

or that network as usable as possible?

739

:

What can we do to make

it as as as interesting?

740

:

And like I said, what we, we obviously

did is like ethere these Ethereum

741

:

start or smart contracts so that people

can program that money to actually

742

:

be able to act and work without

743

:

interference or without manual input.

744

:

And also.

745

:

The other aspect to it is

that you see if you, you know,

746

:

look in the world of crypto.

747

:

Ethereum is a, is a huge, um, blockchain

and people who use Ethereum are

748

:

often those who are wanting to build

programs, build, let's say neobanks

749

:

or build anything but on chain.

750

:

Well, what we do is we, we take

that ability to build on Ethereum,

751

:

which is kind of seen as the

biggest developer blockchain.

752

:

And we say, that's great, but what

about if you want to build that, but

753

:

you use Bitcoin as the underlying asset.

754

:

So you are then able to use whatever

you are building over there that you

755

:

use Bitcoin, and we help you obviously

transfer that back and forth, um, in

756

:

whichever way that you are doing it.

757

:

And we do it as quickly as possible,

which is, you know, relatively quick

758

:

in terms of, especially in, you know,

very quick in terms of traditional

759

:

home rails and also cheaply.

760

:

But where we go

761

:

specifically for is.

762

:

Bitcoin, and this is going

reasonably, you know, a little bit

763

:

deeper is something proof of work.

764

:

So how do I know that a

Bitcoin transaction has been

765

:

moved on the blockchain?

766

:

Well, it's by these things called miners,

and you've probably seen it in the news

767

:

and things like of people mining Bitcoin.

768

:

Well, that secures the

chain as incredibly secure.

769

:

Well, what we do is we take that.

770

:

It's those miners, and we're

secured about 80% of those miners.

771

:

So each transaction on root stock

is secured by the same 80 to 90%

772

:

of the same transactions that

occur on the main Bitcoin chain.

773

:

So again, when we are having these

conversations with, with neo banks or

774

:

whoever, you always get to that aspect

of, well, what's the security like?

775

:

Can there be a breach in the chain?

776

:

Can there be a breakdown somewhere?

777

:

And our response to that

is, well, Bitcoin is.

778

:

The safest.

779

:

The safest chain out there.

780

:

And we're the second safest because

we're balanced by nearly all of

781

:

the parts of the Bitcoin chain.

782

:

Speaker 5: Okay.

783

:

And then kind of like going full circle at

some point you said when it is important

784

:

that when you choose the partners, it

needs to be aligned with your values.

785

:

You guys are very purpose driven as well.

786

:

That's kind of, that's what caught

my attention, was like, oh, cool.

787

:

Of course, we're in purpose

driven FinTech, right?

788

:

So we cannot not talk about purpose.

789

:

Speaker 7: Yeah.

790

:

So tell us

791

:

Speaker 5: a little bit more of

what makes you guys purpose driven.

792

:

Speaker 6: I mean, it's, it's in the

founding DNA, our founders are from

793

:

Latin America, ICNA specifically.

794

:

And you know, one of the reasons

that they find founded Rootstock

795

:

was because they wanted to provide

everyday people and everyday users.

796

:

The ability to hedge against the

inflation of Payson or another

797

:

currency that they're exposed to.

798

:

So they, they believe, and we believe that

Bitcoin is that way to be able to do it.

799

:

And so they, rootstock is the

blockchain to be able to allow for

800

:

those different things to happen.

801

:

And so, you know, for, for myself

at Rootstock, what do I do?

802

:

I.

803

:

Integrated partners who spend in terms

of trying to figure out what their use

804

:

case is and trying to figure out how

that best fits on the rootstock chain.

805

:

So our view is whatever we are building

or whatever is being built on our chain.

806

:

Our end goal is always to improve

financial inclusion and the lives of

807

:

everyday users, and that goes back

into that stable coin conversation.

808

:

It's kind of one of the reasons

why we joined Circle because their

809

:

biggest, biggest message, right,

is improve financial inclusion back

810

:

the unbank, disenfranchised, the.

811

:

We, we will always go out and look at

thinking ways that we can ensure, and this

812

:

is a long journey that we want to be able

to go on, but eventually we have built

813

:

an ecosystem where partners, neobanks or

whoever are built on top of root stock.

814

:

Where their end goal is to

serve the everyday users.

815

:

And, and that, that, that was a big

part of Rootstock for a number of years.

816

:

We've gone a little bit more global

than what we do and who we target,

817

:

but the underlying theme is, is

always there of getting back to

818

:

that side of if I hold Bitcoin or

I can hold stable coins, um, into.

819

:

I'm using it because in some way it

helps increase or improve my financial

820

:

stability, my financial inclusion.

821

:

I am, I can, I am a holder of Bitcoin.

822

:

I.

823

:

Hunched on inflation.

824

:

But what I can also do is I can use

that Bitcoin as collateral to get a

825

:

loan for business or I can get a, from

a partner that's built on rootstock.

826

:

'cause what that partner is is

gonna be doing is they take that

827

:

Bitcoin as collateral and they

might give you a stable coin kind

828

:

in in return to be able to do that.

829

:

And so again, it's about looking at all

of these different cases and thinking

830

:

about what is the best option, and we

bring the entire ecosystem together.

831

:

So if I'm speaking to that

partner who is building a, a

832

:

lending and borrowing business or.

833

:

Let's say a wage business where they're

providing credit on upfront wages.

834

:

I'll say, well, hold on a minute.

835

:

I have a great conversation with this

partner over here who's looking to do

836

:

something in terms of actually being able

to, um, ensure that the collateral you

837

:

are providing is, is safe, is secure.

838

:

So if you marry the two together,

then, then, then it's great.

839

:

So, but it's, it's at the heart of

everything that we do and that's,

840

:

that's a, it's a great mission to

be able to try and work towards.

841

:

Speaker 5: It's been

a really good episode.

842

:

'cause these are questions that come

up all the time for people who are

843

:

not, um, you know, like working daily

in the industry, but the ones that we

844

:

are thinking, Hey, we want to get into,

it's like it clarified many points

845

:

in a, in a easy to understand way.

846

:

I always say it like

the plain English way,

847

:

Speaker 6: Mott.

848

:

Yeah.

849

:

Good.

850

:

Yeah, exactly.

851

:

And that's, and that's really

useful for me because to be honest,

852

:

I'm someone who doesn't do well

with technical jargon either.

853

:

And so it always has to be.

854

:

Speaker 5: Yeah, it's

the plain English one.

855

:

Okay.

856

:

So just like to finalize, like,

given that we've covered so much,

857

:

what do you think are the three key

takeaways that we have from this

858

:

conversation for someone in a neobank?

859

:

Speaker 6: Yeah.

860

:

I think you have to, a, a big one

is you have to really strongly

861

:

consider, are you in, are you gonna.

862

:

Build stable coins into your business

as a feature, or are you gonna build

863

:

it in as a full infrastructure?

864

:

Are you, are you wanting to add it

as an add-on, or is it going to be

865

:

actually something that improves,

improves efficiency all around,

866

:

there's no right or wrong answer,

but obviously it's about then you're

867

:

gonna set up to try and achieve that.

868

:

Achieve, achieve that goal.

869

:

My answer to that is that

stable coins help throughout

870

:

the stack and the end user.

871

:

So you're not, you don't

have become stable Bitcoin.

872

:

But it's very, you know, it's

very worthwhile considering.

873

:

Um, I think that it's about solving

the real pain points, especially for

874

:

the, the underserved in your region.

875

:

Right.

876

:

Or within your area.

877

:

Is it that stable coins can

provide better remittances?

878

:

Is it that stable coins.

879

:

Or, and Bitcoin can provide

collateral services for loans.

880

:

Again, what is it that,

the, what is the pain point?

881

:

That it is that you are,

you are, you're solving.

882

:

Um, and I think that the,

it's about the build.

883

:

So build securely, build forward looking

in terms of compliance and build ux.

884

:

Suitable for your user base.

885

:

If you are going after stable coin

and crypto native users, fine.

886

:

They get, you know, seed phrases, keys

and gas fees and things like that.

887

:

If not, I'm probably not a user

who's going to want to know what

888

:

chain I'm transferring money on,

nor do I want to have to put in a.

889

:

30 digit wallet code to know that I'm

sending my money from here to here.

890

:

It should be from Richard to

Monica and, and that's it.

891

:

So I think it's around, I would say,

you know, around those points are

892

:

probably the, the, the biggest for me.

893

:

Speaker 5: Perfect.

894

:

Richard, it's been a pleasure

having you in the show.

895

:

Thank you so much.

896

:

Speaker 6: Yeah, thank

you so much, Monica.

897

:

It's been nice.

898

:

It's been great.

899

:

Speaker 5: Thank you.

900

:

Thank

901

:

Speaker 6: you.

About the Podcast

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Purpose Driven FinTech
Building & Growing FinTech Products With Customer & Commercial Impact

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About your host

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Monica Millares

Monica advocates for financial safety for all. She is the Product Principal at BigPay, where she leads Product and Design. As part of the founding team, Monica led building BigPay’s product from zero to one, to multi product line, and international expansion. Her leadership shaped the culture and ways of working to grow from startup to scaleup. BigPay has over 1.4 million customers, and has presence in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.

Monica has almost 20 years’ experience in Financial Services. Prior to BigPay, she was one of the first joiners in UK’s challenger Tandem Bank, where she focused on building credit cards from scratch. Previously she worked in leading Financial Services brands like Visa, Barclays, and a Mexican Development Bank.

She sits on the Board of PayEd, and is recognised as Singapore’s #Fintech65 Product Leaders and Women in FinTech. She’s been multiple times speaker at the prestigious conference Money2020 and shared stage with JP Morgan, Standard Chartered Bank, Konsentus, and Money2020’s Rise Up. Her commitment to innovation and financial inclusion resonates in her podcast “Purpose Driven FinTech” where she explores how FinTech’s can have 10x more impact.

Monica has a background in Engineering and a Master’s Degree on Analysis, Design, and Management of Information Systems from the London School of Economics.